高考英语主题备考（二）人际关系
解读篇
四川省双流中学 蒋建平
探究·主题语境
感知·素养解读
人类社会存在着各种各样的关系。各种关系的建立和坚持是由人遵照一定的法则来实行的。人与人之间的交往，要在诚、善、美的根本上以平等、公道之心待之，不以强凌弱、以大欺小，而要以宽厚仁慈之心对待众人，乐于帮助须要帮助的人，只有这样，人际之间的关系才能处理好，社会才能稳定地发展。因此，学会如何描述人际之间的关系，先容人与人之间相互帮助、友好相处的典范等，就显得必不可少，同时这也是措辞文化学习中的主要内容。
对人际关系主题的稽核是近年高考英语的重点。关于这一主题的写作常有以下集中命题办法：
1.师生关系，包括先容西席，邀请教师参加某项活动，对西席的戴德，西席对学生的影响等；
2.同学关系，包括与同学之间的互换（安慰，同情，祝贺等），同学之间的影响（精良同学的先容），与同学的友情，同学之间的冲突与化解等；
3.亲子关系，包括孩子与父母的抵牾与冲突，理解与戴德，独立与自主，父母的教诲方法谈论，帮助父母做家务等；
4.社会交往，包括乞助，办理问题与冲突，聚会等。
人际关系主题稽核的紧张文体有记叙文、解释文、议论文、运用文。如：信件、关照、留言条、约请函、报答信等。时态常用一样平常现在时、一样平常过去式或将来时。
探究·语库构建
语境串记
Let's Help Adolescents
Whether they are male or female, adolescents feel like deciding on everything themselves in spite of parents' instruction, especially when they face problems like sex, mental stress, etc., 1. make them feel ashamed and embarrassed. Thus they often automatically get into troubles due to their imperfect comprehension and judgement. Some are addicted to cigarettes, only several packets of which will hurt their lungs and make them 2. （breath） quickly. Others can't quit 3. （drink） alcohol, whose harmful 4. （effect） include causing young pregnant women to abort or give birth to abnormal babies. 5. （bad） is drug abuse, for the withdrawal is tough once their bodies are accustomed to the drugs. Meanwhile, those who share needles bought from 6. （legal） chemists are 7. great risk of being infected with desperate AIDS. If so, neither injecting nor taking pills can guarantee their 8. （survive）.
However, don't 9. （disappoint） at or have prejudice against our children so easily. After all, being awkward is an appendix of youth. As long as we 10. （strong） communication with them instead of only banning this or banning that, we will surely help them avoid anything unfit.
帮助青少年
不论男女，青少年们都喜好不顾家长的辅导，自己对统统作决定，特殊是当他们面对如性、生理压力等等一些使他们以为羞愧和尴尬的问题时更是如此。因此，由于他们理解力和判断力的不敷，他们常常会无意识地陷入困境中。有的对喷鼻香烟上瘾，只要几包就会对他们的肺造成危害，使他们很随意马虎就气喘吁吁；有的没法戒除酒精带来的不良后果，包括造成年轻的有身女性流产或生下不正常的婴儿；最糟糕的是滥用毒品，由于一旦他们的身体对毒品习气了，要想戒毒就相称困难了。同时，那些共用从造孽药剂师处购买的注射器的青少年冒着传染令人绝望的艾滋病的极大风险，一旦传染上，不管是注射还是吃药都没法担保他们的生存了。
然而，请不要轻易就对我们的孩子失落望或抱有偏见，毕竟，不成熟是年轻的一定附属品。只要我们加强和他们的沟通，而不是仅仅禁止这样，不准那样，我们一定能帮助他们避开不康健的东西。
【答案】
1. which 2. breathless 3. drinking 4. effects 5. The worst 6. illegal 7. at 8. survival 9. be disappointed 10. strengthen
I.图解热词
2016——2018年人际关系主题词汇利用频次统计
friendship conflict quarrel relationship communicate colleague cooperation treasure partner
II.素材积累
（一）阅读词汇整合（明其义）
学习与理解下列单词或短语
师生关系：
1. humorous（adj.）诙谐的
humor（n.）诙谐
2. patient（adj.）耐心的
patience（n.）耐心
3. strict（adj.）严格的
strictly（adv.）严格地
4. serious（adj.）严明的
seriously（adv.）严明地
5. friendly（adj.）有好的
friendliness（n.）亲切，友善
friendship（n.）友情，交情
6. enthusiastic（adj.）激情亲切的
enthusiasm（n.）激情亲切
7. fashionable（adj.）时髦的
fashion（n.）时髦，潮流
8. popular（adj.）受欢迎的
popularity（n.）盛行，遍及
9. demanding苛刻的，哀求高的
10. be kind to对……好
11. be strict with the students对学生哀求严格
12. praise sb. for sth.因某事表扬某人
13. give advice on sth.提出关于某方面的建议
14. be satisfied with对……感到满意
15. encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
16. make one's lessons lively and interesting使自己的教室生动有趣
17. be well organized and clear组织有序，条理清晰
18. show respect for对……表示尊敬
19. get on well with sb./be on good terms with sb.与某人友好相处
同学关系：
1. warm-hearted热心的
2. back sb. up支持某人
3. make friends with sb.与某人交友
4. Keep in touch with sb.与某人保持联系
5. share sth. with sb.与某人分享
6. keep company with sb.与某人结交
7. devote one's spare time to helping others挪出业余韶光帮助他人
8. get to know开始认识
9. know sb. really well熟知某人
10. trust each other相互信赖
11. stand in one's shoes站在某人的角度
12. be loyal to对……忠实
13. break up with与某人断交
14. have a quarrel with与……吵架
15. avoid conflicts避免冲突
16. learn to forgive学会体谅
17. feel left out感到被冷落
18. be annoyed about对……感到讨厌
19. complain抱怨
20. cold war冷战
亲子关系：
1. responsibility（n.）任务
responsible（adj.）有任务的，应卖力的
2. narrow the generation gap缩小代沟
3. Like father, like son.有其父必有其子
4. share happiness and sorrow分享快乐和忧闷
5. rely/depend on依赖
6. exchange ideas with sb.与某人互换想法
7. give sb. space给某人空间
8. spoil溺爱
9. parental love父母之爱
10. keep sth. in mind铭记
11. be grateful for对……感激
12. be patient with sb.对某人有耐心
13. let sb. down让某人失落望
14. have a better understanding更好地理解
15. build up one's confidence建立信心
16. in the same age group同龄人中
17. meet one's needs/demands知足某人的需求
18. be considerate to/towards sb.关心（谅解）某人
19. reduce the burden on our parents减轻父母的包袱
20. be independent独立
21. live up to one's expectation不辜负某人的期望
问候与先容：
1. make an introduction to sb./introduce…to sb.向某人先容
2. greet /say hello to问好
3. give/send my regards to sb.代我向某人问好
4. remember me to sb.代我向某人问候，让某人记住我
5. recommend（v.）推举
recommendation（n.）推举，先容信
6. salute sb./give a salute to sb.欢迎某人，向某人致敬
交往，约会与告别：
1. make contact with sb.打交道，与某人打仗
2. share…with sb.与某人分享
3. get on with与某人相处
4. stay best friends with sb.与某人保持很好的友情
5. communicate with sb.与某人互换
6. get/keep in touch with/keep contact with与……取得（保持）联系
7. disagree/be in disagreement with sb.与某人反面（有不合）
8. be on good/bad terms with与……关系良好（不好）
9. be in conflict with与……辩论
10. make up议和，和好
11. betray背叛，出卖
12. date sb./make an appointment with sb.与某人约会
13. an appointment for six o'clock六点钟的约会
14. say good-bye to告别，作别
15. see sb. off为某人送行
16. departure（n.）出发，离去
depart（v.）出发，离开
17. get separated分离
18. break up/part分离，终结
19. part company with与……断绝关系（离去）
哀求与命令：
1. require sb. to do sth./demand of sb. to do sth须要（哀求）某人做某事
2. requirement哀求，必要条件
3. give orders发号施令
4. command指挥，统率
5. request恳请，哀求
6. ask for help要求帮助
7. call for help须要帮助
8. satisfy/meet one's needs/demands知足某人的须要
9. insist on坚持哀求；坚持认为
10. claim哀求；主见
谢绝，许可与帮助：
1. refuse to do sth.谢绝做某事
2. reject（v.）拒收，退掉
rejection（n.）谢绝，抛弃
3. turn down谢绝（反对）……
4. say no to表示谢绝（否定）
5. allow（口头）许可，点头
6. permit（v.）（书面）许可
permission（n.）许可，容许
7. approve （of）sth./say yes to sth.附和（批准）某事
8. in favor of附和，有利于
9. without permission未经容许
10. do me a favor/give me a hand帮我一个忙
11. with one's help/with the help of sb.在某人的帮助下
12. turn to…for help乞助于
13. aid声援，接济
14. assist（v.）帮助，赞助
assistance（n.）帮助，声援
assistant（n.）助手，助理
15. help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人
16. help sb. out帮助某人摆脱困境
戴德与感谢：
1. thanks a lot/many thanks/thank you very much多谢，非常感谢
2. appreciate（v.）欣赏……，感激……
appreciation（v.）欣赏，鉴赏
3. acknowledge（v.）报答，感谢
acknowledgement（n.）感谢，谢意
4. generous（adj.）年夜方的，大方的
generousness（n.）年夜方，大方
5. be grateful/thankful to sb. for sth.因某事对某人感激
6. in return for作为回报
7. inspired（adj.）受鼓舞的
inspiring（adj.）令人鼓舞的，鼓舞人的
inspire（v.）鼓舞，引发
8. sincere（adj.）诚挚的
sincerely（adv.）诚挚地
9. to one's relief使某人感到安慰的是
10. beyond description难以描述
11. owe…to把……归功于
道歉与体谅：
1.apologize to sb. for sth.因……向某人道歉
2. apology（n.）歉意
apologize（v.）道歉，赔不是
3. Excuse me!对不起，请体谅
4. forgive（v.）体谅，宽恕
forgiveness（n.）宽大，宽恕
5. I beg your pardon./Pardon？/Pardon me.再说一遍
6. regret（v.）遗憾，后悔
regretful（adj.）遗憾的，抱歉的
7. never mind/forget it不介意，别在意
祝愿与祝贺：
1. in celebration of为了庆祝
2 congratulations（n.）祝贺，恭喜
congratulate（v.）祝贺，向……致祝词
3. congratulate you on your success祝贺你取获胜利
4. best wishes/regards最美好的祝愿
5. wish sb. to do sth.希望某人做某事
6. hope for希望得到
7. wish you good luck祝你好运
8. bless（v.）保佑，赐福于
blessings（v.）赐福，祝福
（二）写作词汇利用（悉其用）
1.I would like to take this opportunity to express my （appreciate）for your timely help and assistance.
2.Our English teacher is really （amuse） and often tells jokes when he thinks we're getting bored.
3.Parents should put themselves into their children's position so that they will understand them better and find it easier （缩小代沟）.
4.The man insisted, so I （grateful）accepted the offer, thanked him and watched the truck disappear down the road.
5.We give time, space, and love we can spare, and （作为回报）dogs give us their all.
6.My mother （帮我渡过难关）with some money when I lost my job.
7.My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was （附和）it.
8.I found it very refreshing （交流见地）your father, who has some very original views on how to deal with modern industrial pollution.
9.The students （见地不合）each other about where they should go to have a picnic. Now they are arguing with each other.
10.Parents always （期望过高）their children, which places lots of pressure on students.
（三）核心句型表达（精于表）
根据哀求翻译下列句子。
1.我希望感谢史密斯教授，要不是他的帮助，我不可能走这么远。
译法一：（非限定性定语从句）
译法二：（含if勾引的虚拟条件从句）
2.只有当你的身份得到验证后才会被许可进入。
译法一：（用倒装句型）
译法二：（用强调句型）
3. 众所周知，互换是涉及说和听的双向的过程。（involve）
译法一：（含主语从句的复合句）
译法二：（含非限定性定语从句的复合句）
4.我的一个同学莉莉，由于完备不懂发言艺术，以是常常和别人发生冲突。
译法一：（现在分词作结果状语）
译法二：（含缘故原由状语从句的复合句）
【答案】
写作词汇利用1.appreciation 2.amusing 3.to narrow the generation gap 4.gratefully 5.in return 6.helped me out 7.in favor of 8.to exchange ideas with 9.disagree with 10.have high hopes for 核心句型表达1.I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far./ I wish to thank Professor Smith. If it had not been for his help, I would never have got this far. 2.Only when your identity has been checked will you be allowed in./ It is only when your identity has been checked that you will be allowed in. 3.It's known to all that communication is a two-way process which involves not only speaking but also listening. / As is known to all, communication is a two-way process which involves not only speaking but also listening. 4.A classmate of mine, Lily, has a complete absence of the art of conversation, causing her to have frequent conflicts with others. / Because a classmate of mine, Lily, has a complete absence of the art of conversation, it often makes her have frequent conflicts with others.